Animal nutrition
What published research shows for ten animal groups, and the inclusion rates we recommend.
- Dairy cowsHigher cheese yield and more favourable milk fatty acids, with milk yield maintained.up to 15%Established research
- Beef cattleHigher weight gain and intramuscular fat, and a better meat fatty acid profile in finishing bulls.10–15%Established research
- WagyuEarly-stage research: a pilot with a control group is the recommended starting point.pilot, up to 5%Early-stage research
- Sheep and goatsMore milk and more monounsaturated fatty acids in dairy ewes.10–15%Growing research
- RabbitsA fibre source that, combined with enzymes, supported growth and economic efficiency.5–10%Growing research
- DucksLow to moderate rates, based on duck fibre studies and poultry research.4–6%Early-stage research
- Laying hens15–34% fewer broken eggshells and eggs with lower cholesterol.4–6%Established research
- Fattening pigsMaintained performance at 5–10%, higher intake and a leaner carcass.5–10%Growing research
- SowsBetter faecal bacterial counts and antioxidant status in gestation, without affecting litters.10% in gestationEarly-stage research
- DogsA blood marker of oxidative stress fell in a controlled trial of 30 dogs.11.5 mg/kg/dayEarly-stage research
The research indicator shows how much published work supports each group. Early-stage groups use conservative rates and a pilot approach.
- Established research
- Growing research
- Early-stage research